Forthcoming

Growing research addresses the issue of wealth inequality between social groups, accumulated wealth being critical to well-being in the context of population aging. Thus far, however, this line of work has dedicated relatively little attention to the issue of gender wealth disparities, especially in the Canadian and Québécois contexts. We help fill in this gap by exploring net worth differences between men and women who do not live with another adult in Canada and Québec. Using quantile regressions and data from the Survey of financial security, we describe gender wealth gaps at the 25^th, 50^th and 90^th percentiles of the net worth distribution. We find significant wealth disparities between men and women, especially at the 90^th percentile and conditional on having children in the household. Those gaps are explained in part when accounting for gender wage disparities, but other factors are also at play, including gender differences in business ownership and the receipt of private transfers.

Many studies on the twin births in Sub-Saharan Africa show significant levels of twinning rates across the continent. The particularity of our study is to compare several local situations by analysing data from 23 Health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSSs). It calculates twinning rates in Indepth network's HDSSs and compares them with national twinning rates. This work also studies the variation of the twinning rate by maternal age, ethnicity, birth order and year of delivery. The results indicate an  increase of twinning rate over time. If this rate varies greatly from one HDSS to another, the twinning rate of each HDSS is relatively close to the national twinning rate. In addition, we obtained some disparities in twinning rates according to the mother's ethnicity, maternal age, birth order and year of delivery.

Between March 2020 and February 2021, the Covid-19 pandemic generated almost 22,000 deaths in Belgium, the deadliest episode in its demographic history since World War II. In a comparative perspective of the different waves of the pandemic, the main objective of this article is to assess the excess mortality related to Covid-19 according to age, sex, household situation and social group. Analyses are based on aggregated data provided by STATBEL (Belgian statistical office). Indicators of excess mortality are calculated in order to compare the situation in the year 2020 with that observed during the reference period 2015-2019. From the data of the National Register, mortality tables per sex, region and social group were calculated. They make it possible to estimate the loss of life expectancy in 2020 compared to 2019 and the specific contribution of the different age groups to this decrease.

À travers les transferts financiers et sociaux, les migrants influencent les idées, les comportements et les capitaux sociaux des personnes restées au pays, particulièrement de leurs enfants. À partir d’une approche mixte utilisant des données d’une enquête biographique rétrospective et d’une enquête de terrain qualitative, cet article examine l’impact de la migration paternelle sur la scolarisation de leurs enfants au Sénégal. Même si nos résultats montrent une influence positive de l’absence paternelle sur l’accès à l’école des garçons et des filles, des inégalités subsistent. D’une part, l’absence paternelle ne favorise le maintien à l’école que des garçons. D’autre part, l’articulation entre migration et scolarisation varie selon les caractéristiques de la migration paternelle. Ainsi, nos analyses mettent en évidence l’importance des apports financiers de la migration, ainsi que celle de l’âge de l’enfant au moment de l’absence du père. Les résultats sont discutés à la lumière des données qualitatives, en particulier l’impact psychosocial de l’absence paternelle à travers les questions des transferts sociaux et de la construction d’un « imaginaire migratoire ».

Overqualification is the state of holding a job requiring a lower level of training than that which has been acquired. This article analyzes data from the 2006 and 2016 Canadian censuses to reveal the magnitude, evolution and influencing factors of Quebec university graduates overqualification. Results show a slight decrease in the phenomenon, which still affects 36.4% of university graduates in 2016. Of the five categories of factors whose influence on overqualification are examined (gender and age; language skills; family status; region; markers of geographical origin), markers of geographical origin are shown to have the greatest net effect. The analysis also reveals significant regional variations in the net effect of language skills on the overqualification of graduates.

Migration is often conceived and analyzed as a single and unidirectional movement, from a country of origin to another destination.  In fact, international migration trajectories are complex, often involving a series of returns to and from the home country before a long-term definitive move to the destination country. The potential role of short stays in the destination country in permanent migration is thus rarely addressed in the quantitative study of the determinants of international migration. Based on data collected as part of the "Migration between Africa and Europe" project, this study examines the effects of short-term stays on long-term migration, taking into account other known determinants of migration. The results, based on discrete-time survival analysis for the period 1951-2008/2009, indicate that short-term stays have a positive effect on long-term migration for the three flows considered, although this effect is much more important in the case of the Congolese than of the Ghanaian and Senegalese migrants in the study. The effect of short-stay migration also depends on the calendar year for Congolese migrants, while this interaction is not significant for their Senegalese and Ghanaian counterparts. We conclude that the context within the country of origin, as well as its evolution over time, can modify the relationship between short-term and long-term migration.